Pathogenesis of cancer

RESULT

As a result of pretumor diseases of the body in general and pathological changes in local tissues in particular, an isolated microcavity is formed as a “pretumor” bed. However, pre-tumor changes in local tissues are only the necessary preparation for creating conditions under which a genotypically and epigenetically altered cell can transform into a malignant stem cell. In the red bone marrow, as a result of carcinogenic effects, various genotypic changes occur in the DNA of the nucleus of the pluripotent progenitor cell of the ancestor of myelopoiesis with further development into a monocytic germ or unipotent progenitor cell of the ancestor of Monocytes according to a recessive trait. These changes do not lead to disruption of cell differentiation, but are inherited by more mature cells — Promonocyte and Monocyte. As a result, an initiated cell appears — a genotypically altered mononuclear cell. In an isolated microcavity of a focus of chronic inflammation, initiated cells are exposed to aggressive fluid in an oxygen-free environment. This leads to structural changes in the cell membrane with disruption of its selective permeability and “chemical evolution” in the cell cytoplasm. As a result, epigenetic changes appear in the genotypically altered Mononuclear Cell. As a result of mitosis of a genotypically and epigenetically altered mononuclear cell, the actual transformation mechanism is launched and the primary malignant stem cell is “born,” which divides to form a clone of the same type or homogeneous malignant cells. As a result, a malignant “embryo” is formed — a clone of malignant cells within the shell of an isolated microcavity. The result of malignant cells leaving the shell of the isolated microcavity and involving the stroma of the microenvironment in the malignant process is the organization of a primary malignant focus. The increase in volume is the result of active proliferation, appositional and invasive growth of malignant cells, and penetration into surrounding tissues is the result of invasive growth of true malignant cells. As a result of the active penetration of true malignant cells through tissue barriers (invasive growth), as well as stimulation of the growth of blood vessels (angioneogenesis), malignant cells penetrate into the vascular bed and participate in the organization of a secondary malignant focus (metastasis). As a result of the ability to independently control the proliferation, differentiation and maturation of malignant cells, the spread of malignant cells throughout the host body and the organization of metastases, as well as as a result of the influence on the vital organs and systems of the host body with their subsequent subjugation, the malignant process develops as an independent system.